Taking mines as an example, the stones are mined out of the mountain after blasting, but they cannot be put into use immediately. The first is to further process and crush the stones to make them into usable specifications. And crushing also has several processes, the first crushing is often called primary crushing. Gyratory Crusher and jaw crusher are relatively common primary crushing equipment. Gyratory crusher has the advantages of high production capacity and low unit energy consumption, but it also has defects such as complex structure, high price, complicated installation and maintenance, etc. In contrast, the use of jaw crusher is more extensive.
Internal structure of jaw crusher
The jaw crusher is known as the "Tiger's Mouth" in the industry because of its powerful crushing ability. Jaw crusher can be used not only for processing granite, quartzite and other materials with high hardness and strong abrasiveness, but also for processing limestone with general hardness, etc. In addition, jaw crusher also has the advantages of large output, easy configuration, convenient maintenance and so on, precisely because The many advantages of jaw crusher make it widely used in the industry.
Generally speaking, if there is a jaw crusher on the production line, the first pass can be successfully completed. The jaw crusher has excellent performance, but just like a sword needs to be wiped frequently to be always sharp, the jaw crusher also needs more maintenance, so as to ensure that the machine can be used well for a long time and the production can be smoother.
1. Focus on the bearing and bracket parts
1. Abnormal heating of the bearing
The cheetah is the fastest animal on land, but it can only run for a few hundred meters before stopping. The reason is that the body is overheated. Similarly, if the machine is overheated, it will stop. For example, if the axle temperature of the train is too high, emergency measures must be taken. Otherwise, there will be accidents such as burning shafts, which will bring catastrophic consequences.
The abnormal temperature rise of the bearing of the jaw crusher is also a common fault. Generally, there are 4 sets of bearing connections on the jaw crusher. There are two sets between the eccentric shaft and the movable jaw, and between the eccentric shaft and the frame. It can be seen that the bearing is an important part of the jaw crusher. During the operation, the abnormal temperature rise of the shaft is more common. If Excessive temperature will cause the bearing to burn out.
There are various reasons for the abnormal temperature rise of the jaw crusher bearing:
The bearing is seriously worn, and the inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements, etc. of the bearing undergo geometric changes, and the gap between the bearings becomes larger, resulting in an increase in the bearing temperature. Therefore, during regular maintenance, we must pay attention to check the wear of the bearing, and replace the bearing in time if necessary. The blockage of the oil hole causes the bearing oil to be cut off. When the amount of lubricating oil is too small or too much, the bearing temperature will rise. When using the equipment, the easily overlooked details such as oil holes must be checked in place. It is also necessary to choose lubricating oil reasonably. Bearing lubricating oil should be selected according to factors such as bearing operating temperature, speed index, lubrication method, etc. If the viscosity of lubricating oil is too low or too high, it is difficult to form an oil film, and it is difficult to take away the heat generated during the operation of the bearing. .
2. Spindle fracture
The main shaft is the main part of the power transmission of the jaw crusher, once there is a problem with the main shaft, the machine will be shut down.
The performance of the spindle itself, some manufacturers do not do heat treatment, the anti-fatigue performance of the spindle will be insufficient, encountering iron blocks and other hard objects in production will cause resistance, the burden on the spindle will increase, and the spindle will be cracked.
Improper use and operation, such as uneven delivery of materials, will cause the machine to become unstable under high-speed operation and aggravate the wear of the main shaft.
To prevent spindle breakage, the following measures can be taken:
Lubricate the machine according to the requirements. During the operation, it is necessary to check whether the lubrication of the equipment is good, observe the operating load of the equipment, and deal with it in time if there is any abnormality.
Pay close attention to the operation of the equipment. For example, when foreign objects are found to enter the machine, they should be cleaned up in time to ensure that the equipment is in good operating condition.
The repaired parts should be properly handled. Some parts that need to be scrapped or have problems should be replaced in time, and the parts that are damaged by the equipment should be recycled. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention not to discard the discarded parts in the material.
For reasonable feeding, it is necessary to pay attention to the size of the feeding amount at all times, especially to avoid the phenomenon of excessive feeding, which will cause the possibility of spindle fatigue and fracture.
3. Fracture/bending of bracket
The toggle plate is a cast iron, which is a force transmission component and a safety device for the machine.
The main reason for bracket damage is that the discharge opening is too small, the unbreakable material is stuck at the bottom of the crushing cavity or the bracket is not installed correctly. Therefore, during the use of the jaw crusher, special attention should be paid to controlling and adjusting the discharge port, preventing unbreakable objects from entering the crushing cavity, and checking to ensure that the bracket is installed correctly.
2. Pay attention to materials, feeding methods, etc.
1. The material has high water content or high viscosity
During the operation, if the material has a high water content, after the material is broken into small pieces, it will stick to each other and block on the jaw plate of the crushing cavity, resulting in material jamming. If the material is mixed with viscous soil, the material will be stuck into a piece and blocked in the crushing cavity, resulting in the phenomenon of material jamming. This will affect the production efficiency for a long time, and will also cause the rust of the jaw plate.
Therefore, before production, the material can be screened by a vibrating screen or a vibrating feeder, and the material can be dried with the help of natural wind or light to reduce the moisture and viscosity of the material.
2. Feeding method
The main focus is on the particle size of the feed, the amount of feed and the discharge port.
If the size of the material exceeds the specified particle size, it is easy to block the machine cavity, and each blockage will cause the equipment to stop for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the particle size of the material.
In production, if too much feed material exceeds the crushing capacity of the jaw crusher, clogging will also occur. The working principle of the jaw crusher is semi-rhythmic work. If too much material is input, the material will not be broken in time, and the broken material will not be discharged in time and effectively, resulting in the phenomenon of material jamming. Therefore, in the production process, the material should be fed strictly according to the requirements, but not too much but not too much, so as to ensure the normal and stable operation of the jaw crusher.
The occurrence of jamming may also be due to the fact that the discharge opening is too small, and the crushed materials cannot be discharged in time and accumulate in the crushing cavity, resulting in jamming. This should pay attention to the effective combination of discharge and feeding, and adjust the size of the discharge port in time according to the feeding situation to ensure that the crushed materials can be discharged from the discharge port in time.
3. From the perspective of maintenance, attention should be paid to equipment lubrication
Lubrication is indispensable for a moving body. For example, there is biological lubricating fluid in the knee joint of the human body. If the lubricating fluid in the knee is too small, it will aggravate the wear and tear of the joint, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness or pain. In the same way, for machines that do reciprocating work, high-quality lubrication is the key to ensuring machine performance and service life.
For jaw crushers, connecting rod bearings, eccentric shafts, movable jaw bearings, etc. are all parts that need to be lubricated. Before adding lubricating oil, make sure that the lubricating oil is clean and cool to ensure that the lubricating oil has a certain viscosity, and the lubricating oil must be replaced in time after a certain period of use.
The daily life of the jaw crusher is "head-to-head". During the production process, we must pay attention to the maintenance and replacement of important components in a timely manner, and arrange production scientifically and reasonably, so that the jaw crusher can output stably for a long time, reduce costs and improve production efficiency.
